Repeated from part 1:
Xue’s paper summarized MB for aging as follows:
“Aging is a complex process with multiple contributing factors. This review discussed the anti-aging effects of MB with a focus on the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and aging. Brain aging is a mystery and neurodegenerative disorders are a major part. Currently, no cure is fully developed for most neurodegenerative diseases, including AD and PD. Several observations suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathogenic step in neurodegenerative conditions [100]. In addition to having antioxidative properties, MB also crosses the BBB easily, making it a promising candidate for treatment. In AD mouse models, low-dosage MB shows its ability to relieve oxidative stress and rescue cognitive defects [58,59]. However, the results in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials are controversial [62,63,101]. This could be due to the translational limitations of mouse models. The design of clinical trials needs to be further optimized. Moreover, several studies suggest that MB can alleviate behavioral defects in PD mouse models [70]. Studies show that, even with physiological brain aging, MB treatment could still enhance memory by increasing cytochrome oxidase activity and decreasing oxidative stress [52,53,54,55,56]. However, more extensive studies are required to validate the clinical applications of MB in brain aging. MB has the ability to delay skin aging as well. MB can increase cell longevity, protect skin from UV exposure, and accelerate and help with the wound healing process [86,87]. Additionally, MB’s antimicrobial properties are beneficial for skin [79,80,81]. Furthermore, a recent study proved that MB treatment resulted in significant improvements in HGPS skin fibroblast phenotypes (an accelerated form of the aging disease) [99].
Since MB is an FDA-approved medicine with a long history, the safety of MB usage has been thoroughly evaluated. The exploration of MB utilization in aging-related conditions can help us understand the aging process. Derivatives of MB can also be developed to improve its effects.”
Part 2: